https://ijs.imamreza.ac.ir/ International Journal of Imam Reza (as) and modern sciences en daily 1 Sat, 29 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0330 Sat, 29 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0330 https://ijs.imamreza.ac.ir/article_236691.html This research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method with the objective of examining the position of justice (‘Adāla) in the educator and the disciple from the perspective of Imami jurisprudence, with an emphasis on the Razavi conduct (Seerah). The findings indicate that in Imami jurisprudence, personal justice is not a necessary condition (sharṭ) for holding a position in education and upbringing, and its absence does not disqualify an educator. Furthermore, the condition of justice is also inapplicable to the disciple. The reasons for not stipulating this condition include the lack of definitive scriptural evidence (dalīl wujūbī) for its obligation, Islam’s emphasis on the boundless pursuit of knowledge, and rational arguments (such as the analogy (qiyās) of the teacher to the position of parents, where justice is not a condition for them). However, the educator and the disciple, like all individuals, are addressed by the generalities of the Quranic verses and narrations that call for the establishment of justice and are obliged to observe it in both personal and social dimensions. An examination of the conduct of Imam Reza (A.S.) in scholarly debates clearly confirms the necessity for both parties in the educational relationship to observe fairness and justice. In summary, although justice in the specific jurisprudential sense is not a condition for undertaking the responsibility of education, it is emphasized by the Sharia and the conduct of the Infallibles (A.S.) as a value-based and ethical duty. https://ijs.imamreza.ac.ir/article_236696.html Imam Reza (A.S.), in continuity with the tradition of his infallible forefathers and through an emphasis on ethical, spiritual, and social principles, has played an unparalleled role in elucidating educational models for the family and society. Utilizing contemporary theoretical frameworks -including Social Capital Theory (Putnam), Social Learning Theory (Bandura), Ecological Systems Theory (Bronfenbrenner), Political Culture (Almond & Verba), Critical Pedagogy (Freire), Ethics of Care (Noddings), and Structuration Theory (Giddens)- and adopting a descriptive-analytical method with thematic analysis, this research investigates the position of the family and socio-political education as the primary nucleus of human development, based on the attributed sayings, conduct (sirah), and narrations of Imam Reza. The findings indicate that the teachings of Imam Reza extend beyond education within the family sphere to foster social capital and promote political participation in society. By emphasizing ethical leadership and citizen responsibility, Imam Reza presents a model for social and political education whose pillars are founded upon mutual respect, ethical democracy, the pursuit of justice, and the struggle against oppression. In conclusion, considering contemporary challenges in the realms of family and socio-political education, the research proposes practical strategies derived from the sirah of Imam Reza to strengthen family cohesion, enhance collective responsibility, and confront ethical crises in modern societies. https://ijs.imamreza.ac.ir/article_236690.html The fertility process is influenced by a wide range of factors. In this regard, a comprehensive understanding of women’s perceptions of the challenges of childbearing and the contextual grounds facilitating it can effectively contribute to formulating population policies. The primary objective of this research is to understand Yazdi women’s perceptions of the challenges of childbearing and how they confront this phenomenon.A qualitative research design of the phenomenological type was used to collect research data. Participants were 25 married women from Yazd, selected through purposive and theoretical sampling. Data were collected over a four-month period from the beginning of Shahrivar to the end of Azar 1397 (August-December 2018), using semi-structured interviews as the instrument. Data analysis was conducted using the Van Manen method, employing holistic, selective, and detailed approaches to extract themes from the text. The main categories of the research included the value of children, perceived risks, and strategies of parenting and childbearing. The results of this study indicated that attitudes towards childbearing among married women in Yazd are a combination of traditional values and modern considerations. Childbearing is influenced by concepts such as life meaning, generational continuity, and psychological security, as well as factors such as economic status, women’s employment, cultural-religious developments, and communication technologies.Given socio-economic and religious transformations, supportive policymaking in the realm of childbearing -particularly support for working mothers, ensuring economic security, enhancing child-rearing and educational services, and utilizing the Sirah (conduct) of Imam Reza (A.S.) in child upbringing- can play an effective role in improving the processes of childbearing and parenting. https://ijs.imamreza.ac.ir/article_236693.html This research aims to analyze the scientific-educational methodology of Imam Reza (A.S.) in the process of establishing and consolidating belief in the hereafter (Ma’ad). The primary issue of the research is the necessity of employing effective methods for explaining and institutionalizing this doctrinal principle, considering its pivotal role in religious education and responding to contemporary doubts. The fundamental research questions are: What are the methods employed by Imam Reza (A.S.) for raising awareness and increasing knowledge regarding the explanation of the hereafter? How can his methods in the stage of establishing and consolidating this belief be categorized? And what applications and implications do these methods have in contemporary domains of propagation and education? This study, conducted with an analytical approach using a library-based method and referencing primary narrative and historical sources -including the debates and narrations of Imam Reza (A.S.)- has categorized the data using qualitative content analysis and an inductive approach into two main categories. The findings indicate that the methodological system of Imam Reza (A.S.) can be analyzed along two main axes: “Raising Awareness and Increasing Knowledge” and “Establishing and Consolidating Belief.” In the first dimension, methods such as innate (fitri) reasoning, rational proofs, and referencing shared sources were emphasized. In the second dimension, methods such as stressing the self-evidence of the hereafter through tangible examples, creating epistemological challenges to incorrect beliefs, comparative analysis of different viewpoints, and explaining otherworldly rewards and punishments were employed.Consequently, the Razavi methodology, with its distinguishing characteristics such as a focus on innate human disposition (fitrah), systematic rationality, methodological flexibility in engaging diverse audiences, and simultaneous attention to cognitive and affective dimensions, provides a comprehensive and practical model for explaining and establishing religious beliefs, particularly in confronting the intellectual and educational challenges of the contemporary world. https://ijs.imamreza.ac.ir/article_236692.html The accelerated advancement of digital technologies, including artificial intelligence and social networks, has placed unprecedented ethical challenges before contemporary societies. Issues such as systematic violations of privacy, the spread of misinformation, and the transformation of the nature of human relationships have revealed the necessity of rethinking the ethical foundations governing science and technology. The main question of this research is: What capacities do the teachings of Imam Reza (A.S.), as a coherent Islamic intellectual system, have for analyzing and proposing solutions in confronting these emerging challenges?This research, adopting a descriptive-analytical method and relying on original Islamic sources and contemporary comparative studies, seeks to answer this question. The course of the research is structured as follows: First, the foundational principles of the doctrine of Imam Reza (A.S.) regarding the connection between knowledge, ethics, and action are extracted and explained. Next, the central ethical challenges of the digital age -from privacy violations and algorithmic discrimination to the impacts of technology on the concept of justice and human relationships- are analyzed. In the final step, through a systematic comparison of these two realms, the guiding capacities of Razavi thought for an ethical engagement with technology are demonstrated.The research findings confirm that the doctrine of Imam Reza (A.S.), by simultaneously emphasizing the inherent dignity of human beings, justice as the overarching social criterion, the responsibility of the scientist/scholar, and the connection of knowledge with righteous action, provides a comprehensive and practical framework for critiquing, regulating, and guiding the development of digital technologies. Consequently, this research emphasizes the necessity of discourse formation and the application of this paradigmatic model among scientific elites and technology policymakers. https://ijs.imamreza.ac.ir/article_236695.html  The present research aims to analyze the pre-marriage process based on the teachings of Imam Ali ibn Musa Reza (A.S.). The primary objective is to extract and elucidate the foundational components and essential stages of this process from the perspective of His Holiness, pursued through an interpretive-analytical approach and by referencing primary hadith and historical sources. In this study, central themes such as pre-marital counseling, seeking help and goodness from God Almighty, spousal selection criteria, determination of the dowry (mahr), and attention to the various spiritual, ethical, rational, and social dimensions related to marriage have been examined and explored.The findings of this research indicate that Razavi teachings place particular emphasis on elements such as deliberation and foresight, reasoning and wisdom, informed consultation, deep and comprehensive understanding, and prioritizing inner qualities and compatibility (kufu’) in the realms of faith, ethics, and culture. The contribution of this research, in addition to enriching and deepening the literature of Islamic studies in the field of family, can serve as a comprehensive and practical guide for young people, families, and counselors to facilitate and realize conscious, wise, and successful marriages. Furthermore, the present study delineates and presents a systematic and structured framework for the pre-marriage process within the intellectual system and teachings of Imam Reza (A.S.). https://ijs.imamreza.ac.ir/article_242516.html In today's modern world, where education systems and families are facing numerous cognitive and communication crises, the use of dialogue is considered a key skill in the individual and social growth and advancement of humans. The main purpose of the present study was to describe and explain the application of dialogical skills in the social education of children in the light of the educational path of Imam Reza (AS), which was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method. The results of this study indicate that, based on the views of experts in the field of education and in the light of the educational path of Imam Reza (AS), dialogical skills such as active listening, questioning, interaction of ideas, clear and transparent expression, empathy, mutual respect, and critical thinking play a pivotal and multifaceted role in the social education of children and adolescents. The findings also show that the use of dialogical skills is a platform for the formation of beliefs, the development of critical thinking, and the formation of a deep spiritual and moral connection with religion. A study of religious texts and Islamic teachings such as the Holy Quran and Nahj al-Balagha also emphasizes that dialogue and active participation of the audience are the foundation of social education, religious guidance, and moral development of children. Emphasizing rationality, reasoning, and dialogue, Imam Reza (peace be upon him) defines social education as an active and interactive process that must be proportionate to the audience's intellect and understanding, https://ijs.imamreza.ac.ir/article_243993.html Abstract Hazrat Abdul Azim Hasani (RA) is considered one of the great companions of the pure Imams (AS) who presented his beliefs to Imam Hadi (AS) and was approved by him. Hazrat Abdul Azim migrated to the city of Rayy at the behest of Imam Hadi, devoted himself to spreading the teachings of the Ahlul Bayt and was a point of reference for Shiites in religious matters. Hazrat Abdul Azim’s narrations have been mentioned in various hadith books, and in the works written about the life of this honorable man, some of these narrations have been discussed. However, no independent research has been conducted so far on the narrations narrated by Hazrat Abdul Azim from Imam Reza (AS). In this research, which was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and using library resources; It was found that Hazrat Abdul Azim was the first compiler of the sermons of Nahj al-Balagha, and it can be said that one of the important sources of Sayyid Razi for compiling Nahj al-Balagha was Hazrat Abdul Azim's book "Khatb al-Amir al-Mu'minin. One of the aims of this article is to discuss the narrations that contain interpretive and moral themes and were narrated by Hazrat Abdul Azim Hasani (RA) from Imam Reza (AS). It was also revealed that Hazrat Abdul Azim often narrated narrations from Imam Reza (AS) through "Ibrahim ibn Abi Mahmoud" and in this article the personality of the noble Ibrahim ibn Abi Mahmoud and other direct narrators of Hazrat Abdul Azim were also discussed. https://ijs.imamreza.ac.ir/article_244883.html Islamic jurisprudence is a key pillar of Sharia, organizing believers' practical lives and supporting religious education and the growth of Islamic knowledge. This study explores the role of Imam Reza’s (A.S), the eighth Shi'a Imam, in advancing these two areas. His jurisprudential teachings and narrations provide a framework that contributes to both religious education and intellectual development. The relevance of this topic stems from the modern need for educational models grounded in Sharia to reinforce religious and intellectual identity in Islamic societies.Using a descriptive-analytical method, the research draws upon hadith sources such as Uyun Akhbar al-Ridha, al-Kafi, and Wasa'il al-Shia; jurisprudential texts like Tahrir al-Wasilah and Mustamsak al-‘Urwah; exegetical works including al-Mizan and Tafsir Nemooneh; and ethical books such as Makarem al-Akhlaq and Jami’ al-Sa’adat. The study’s framework centers on the narrations and legal opinions attributed to Imam Reza (A.S), highlighting their alignment with Islamic educational and intellectual principles.Findings reveal that his jurisprudence enhances Islamic knowledge and religious learning across four dimensions: worship, ethics, social interaction, and intellectual growth. The study concludes that Imam Reza’s (A.S) comprehensive and dynamic jurisprudence offers a valuable model for contemporary religious education, emphasizing the need for further academic engagement in this area. https://ijs.imamreza.ac.ir/article_244925.html In the history of Islamic civilization, scientific progress has always been a fundamental pillar of cultural and social authority. The period of Imam Reza (AS), as the "Scholar of the Family of Muhammad", was a sensitive and fateful period that was accompanied by the convergence of numerous intellectual ideas and challenges, making it necessary to explain the original Islamic teachings. The main issue is what specific strategies did Imam Reza (AS) use to guide this scientific leap? Therefore, this research aims to analyze and explain the components of the scientific progress model in the Razavi biography. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on the analysis of the content of authentic narrative and historical sources regarding his scientific and practical biography.Key findings show that the Imam's (a.s.) management model was based on themes such as linking leadership with science and the necessity of scholars leading society, promoting freethinking through rational and fair debates that led to the superiority of argument, conceptualizing scientific jihad as a relentless effort to produce knowledge, nurturing and supporting scientific elites such as Zakaria ibn Adam as religious and secular authorities for the people, and promoting the social status of science by introducing it as "the life-giver of hearts." https://ijs.imamreza.ac.ir/article_244926.html Political negotiation as a peaceful practical method through logical dialogue is a tool to reach a consensus that provides the interests of the parties. Today, some currents introduce Islam as a religion of war and sword, and in this religion, they do not consider the peaceful matters of resolving disputes, such as political negotiations. This is despite the fact that by examining the reliable sources related to the political life of Masooman (AS), valuable and thought-provoking examples of political negotiations, such as: the negotiation between Imam Reza (AS) and Ma'mun during the "imposition of velayat ahdi", can be identified, proved and explained. is Therefore, in this research, using the descriptive-analytical method, while explaining the meaning of political negotiation in the literature of political science, a basic concept and index about the types and levels of political negotiation of the innocents (PBUH) has been presented. Then, by examining the political conditions of the era of Imam Reza (a.s.) in different periods of the history of his Imamate (a.s.), the course of Ma'moun's conversations with him (a.s.) has been examined, and further, while adapting this event to the concept of the index of political negotiation, the stages Various aspects of this negotiation, its typology and the most important achievements have been investigated and explained. https://ijs.imamreza.ac.ir/article_244927.html Pilgrimage revolves around a sacred place, and the main secret of the sanctity of a pilgrimage place is its dependence on God Almighty, such that that place is considered a manifestation of the divine. Sometimes this manifestation and sanctity may occur due to the presence of a divine person or persons in a place, and thus that place becomes holy and becomes a pilgrimage. What has been addressed in this article, using a descriptive and analytical method, is the study of the concept of the Holy Family in Coptic Christianity and Imami Shia and its role in the formation of pilgrimage. Based on the results obtained, the presence of the Virgin Mary, Jesus Christ as a child, and Joseph the carpenter as the Holy Family in various places in northern Egypt created a new dimension of the concept of pilgrimage in the Coptic Orthodox Church, such that their establishment in various places has turned them into pilgrimage sites. The goal and purpose of good deeds in the Coptic Church is to resemble God, and pilgrimage plays a fundamental role in its realization. Also, in the Shiite religion, the Holy Family, referred to as the Ahl al-Bayt, plays a fundamental role in the process of sanctification, and their presence or the existence of objects attributed to them has caused the sanctity of that place and the formation of the concept of pilgrimage. In Shiite, pilgrimage has various secrets, https://ijs.imamreza.ac.ir/article_244928.html This study adopts a cognitive semantic approach to analyze the conceptualization of anger in the narrations attributed to Imam Reza . It aims to explain how conceptual metaphors structure human understanding of both divine and human anger. The corpus consists of forty narrations related to anger from the sayings of Imam Reza, which are examined using the tools of conceptual metaphor theory within a cognitive framework.Anger in these narrations can be categorized into three domains: divine, human, and satanic. In the divine domain, anger is conceptualized through source domains such as force, distance, and fire. These metaphoric structures serve as deterrents in moral education and act as reminders of the consequences of sin.This form of anger is rooted in moral values and functions as a means of human reform. The sources of divine anger can be classified into two levels: doctrinal and behavioral.In the human domain, anger is analyzed based on its intrinsic nature and the manner in which it is managed. The source domains of motion, imbalance, force, heat, mountain, key, and substance conceptualize the essence of anger, while the domain of force also appears in metaphorical representations of anger management. In the satanic domain, anger is metaphorically structured through the domain of medicine or drug, indicating Satan’s exploitative use of anger as a tool for seduction and cognitive disruption.From the perspective of emotional-moral education, the narrations highlight components such as emotional self-awareness, anger regulation, psychological balance, ethical boundaries, and the capacity for conscious forgiveness. https://ijs.imamreza.ac.ir/article_244929.html Given the importance and significant position of religious eulogies, many studies have been conducted so far on the thematic and rhetorical dimensions of this category of literary works in Arabic and Persian literature. However, the English poems composed for eulogizing the eighth Imam of the Shiites (AS) have not been examined and analyzed so far. The aim of the current study is a comparative analysis of the themes and literary devices of Arabic and English eulogies on Imam Reza (AS). This study focused on the poems composed in the recent years. The current study is qualitative in terms of approach and in terms of data collection method, it is a library study. The results of this study showed that Arabic and English poets have proposed common themes in their poems, such as the innocence of the Imam (AS) and the oppression of Mamun, the nobility and dignity and good characteristics of the Imam, the love of visiting the province of the eighth Imam, and the enjoyment of his intercession for forgiveness and approaching God. On the other hand, the main literary devices used in Arabic and Persian eulogies are semantic devices and are used in the direction of effectively conveying the themes of the poem. In comparison, the themes of Arabic eulogies have been richer and more comprehensive than English eulogies, which confirms the wider knowledge of Arab poets about the characteristics of Imam Reza (AS) and the events of his lifetime.